The impact of an educational program based on the three-cycle learning strategy on developing physical abilities, flexibility, and agility in the accuracy of the serve and spikeskills in volleyball for juniors (15-17) years old

Abstract

Modern scientific advancements in sports, particularly in team sports like volleyball, have garnered significant attention from fans and specialists recently. Volleyball, the third most popular sport after football and basketball, has prompted researchers to focus on developing its stages, learning methods, and overall performance. This is because volleyball relies on fundamental physical abilities such as agility and flexibility, which are crucial for skill execution, especially the serve and the spike – the two core skills in this game. The study focuses on a sample of 15-17 year olds from sports talent centers within the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Baghdad Governorate, highlighting the importance of physical abilities, flexibility, and agility in the accuracy of these two skills. The researcher employed the

three-cycle learning strategy, which makes learning more organized, accessible, and easier. This strategy relies on creating an educational environment that helps learners discover, design, and apply educational and learning situations, enabling them to learn and master skills. Therefore, the researcher utilized this approach to learn and develop the physical abilities under study, specifically the accuracy of the serving and smashing skills, according to the three-cycle learning strategy and its impact on developing motor skills to address the research problem. The research aimed to develop an educational program based on improving agility and flexibility in the accuracy of the serving and smashing skills. The study revealed differences between the pre- and post-tests in developing physical abilities, agility, and flexibility in the accuracy of the serving and smashing skills for the research participants. The researcher concluded that the educational program, using this learning strategy, effectively developed agility, flexibility, and the accuracy of the serving and smashing skills for the participants in the post-test. The researcher also recommended using educational programs based on the three-cycle learning strategy to develop other abilities in different sports activities.